Limitations

The performance of the system is limited by various physical factors. In general, the Locis (Access Point, Tag, AP Lead) need to communicate with each other, which is given by a limitation described in maximum range.
Furthermore, the ability to localize is limited by the number of representative and active Access Points . This is explained in Number of Access Points.
Additionally, also the localization area size has limits, due to the range between the Locis and the number of representative and active Access Points, as described in section Localization Area Size.
In addition to that, the latency of the system is limited by the number of active Tags, which is described in section Localization Latency.
Finally, the localization performance highly depends on a proper installation, the enviroment, the number of Access Points and the number of Tags, as described in section Localization Performance.

Maximum Range

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The achievable range highly depends on the environment.

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The higher the range the less accurate and robust is the performance.

• Depending on the environment Locis a can communicate up to 100m.
• The achievable range is highly dependant on the enviroment.
• The achievable range highly decreases if the sight between Locis are blocked.
• A range of 100m can be reached in a tunnel-like environment with sight between Locis.
• According to our experience, depending on the enviroment, a maximum range between 20m and 50m is feaseable.

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The range may be in increased by UWB-Channel optimization: Contact Support

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Summary

Theoretical Maximum Range: Up to 100m
Empirical Maximum Range: Up to 20m-50m (Depending on the Enviroment)

Number of Access Points

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The fewer Access Points are used the lower the localization performance.

• At least 4 representative active Access Points are required for localization
• Access Points are representative if:
  • The Access Points are placed according to Best Practices for Access Point Placement
  • The 3d Model is scanned correctly according to Scan 3d Environment
  • The Access Points are placed correctly in the 3d Model according to Place Access Points
• Access Points are inactive if:
  • Switched off
  • Out of range to Tag
  • Objects (Walls, Glass, Human Torso, etc.) between Access Point and Tag
  • Malfunction
• More than 4 Access Points can be used.
• The higher the number of active Access Points the more robust and accurate the localization performance.

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Summary:

At least 4 represenative active Access Points are required.
The more represenative active Access Points the better the localization performance.

Localization Area Size

• The localization area size is limited by:
  • The number of representative active Access Points as described in Number of Access Points.
  • The range between the Tag and Access Point as described in Maximum Range.
• We recommend at least 4 representative active Access Points for each point in the localization area.

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Summary:

Localization Area is limited by the maximum range and the number of representative active Access Points

Localization Latency

• The Latency is limited by:
  • The amount of Tags used
  • The connection of the Tag to the Access Points
• For 1 used Tag a ranging latency of milliseconds can be achieved.
• For each added Tag the ranging latency increases.
• If the Tag has no connection to the Access Point, no position update can be provided.
• If less than 4 representative and active Access Points are present, no position update can be provided.
• Since 4 representative Access Pointare required for localization, the addition of another representative Access Point does not increase the latency.

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Summary:

For 1 Tag a ranging latency in the millisecond range is feaseable
For each added Tag the ranging latency increases

Localization Performance

• The Accuracy and Precision of the Localization depends on:
  • The Installing of the system.
    • The scanned 3d Model Scan 3d Environment.
    • The Access Point Placement in the 3d Model Place Access Points.
    • The Access Point Constellation Best Practices for Access Point Placement
    • The number of Access Points used (the more the better).
  • The Environment
    • High-reflecting surfaces (Glass, Metal, etc.) reduce performance.
    • Blocked sight (Glass, Metal, Human Torso, etc.) between Tag and Access Points reduces performance.
    • High ranges between Tag and Access Points reduce performance.
    • Connection loss between Tag and Access Points reduces performance.
  • Number of Tags
    • The higher the number of Tags the higher the latency and lower the localization performance.
  • Number of Access Points
    • The higher the number of representative active Access Points the higher the localization performance.
  • Position in the Localization Area
    • The closer to the center the better the performance.
    • Bad performance may occur outside the localization area.
  • The UWB-Channel configuration (Contact Support).
  • The Localization Parameter configuration (Contact Support).
• For proper installation and acceptable conditions, centimeter accuracy and precision is feaseable.
• For proper installation and harsh conditions, the accuracy may degrade to the decimeter range.

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Summary:

Localization performance is highly dependent on the installation.
Centimeter accuracy and precision can be achieved